Pennsylvania Water Science Center
| Multiply | By | To obtain | |||
| Length | |||||
| inch (in.) | 2.54 | centimeter (cm) | |||
| inch (in.) | 25.4 | millimeter (mm) | |||
| inch (in.) | 0.0254 | meter (m) | |||
| foot (ft) | 0.3048 | meter (m) | |||
| yard (yd) | 0.9144 | meter (m) | |||
| mile (mi) | 1609.3 | meter (m) | |||
| mile (mi) | 1.609 | kilometer (km) | |||
| Area | |||||
| acre | 4,047 | square meter (m2) | |||
| square inch (in2) | 6.452 | square centimeter (cm2) | |||
| square foot (ft2) | 0.0929 | square meter (m2) | |||
| square mile (mi2) | 259 | hectare (ha) | |||
| square mile (mi2) | 2.59 | square kilometer (km2) | |||
| Volume | |||||
| gallon (gal) | 0.00022 | milliliter (mL) | |||
| gallon (gal) | 3.785 | liter (L) | |||
| liter (L) | 0.2642 | gallon (gal) | |||
| gallon (gal) | 0.003785 | cubic meter (m3) | |||
| gallon (gal) | 3.785 | cubic decimeter (dm3) | |||
| million gallons (Mgal) | 3,785 | cubic meter (m3) | |||
| billion gallons (Bgal) | 3,785,000 | cubic meter (m3) | |||
| cubic foot (ft3) | 0.02832 | cubic meter (m3) | |||
| milliliter (mL) | 0.06102 | cubic inch (in3) | |||
| cubic mile (mi3) | 4.168 | cubic kilometer (km3) | |||
| Flow rate | |||||
| inch per day (in/d) | 0.0254 | meter per day (m/d) | |||
| inch per year (in/yr) | 25.4 | millimeter per year (mm/yr) | |||
| foot per second (ft/s) | 0.3048 | meter per second (m/s) | |||
| foot per minute (ft/min) | 0.3048 | meter per minute (m/min) | |||
| foot per day (ft/d) | 0.3048 | meter per day (m/d) | |||
| cubic foot per second (ft3/s) | 0.02832 | cubic meter per second (m3/s) | |||
| cubic foot per second per square | 0.01093 | cubic meter per second per square | |||
| mile [(ft3/s)/mi2] | kilometer [(m3/s)/km2] | ||||
| cubic foot per day (ft3/d) | 0.02832 | cubic meter per day (m3/d) | |||
| gallon per minute (gal/min) | 0.06309 | liter per second (L/s) | |||
| gallon per day (gal/d) | 0.003785 | cubic meter per day (m3/d) | |||
| gallon per day per square mile | 0.001461 | cubic meter per day per square | |||
| [(gal/d)/mi2] | kilometer [(m3/d)/km2] | ||||
| million gallons per day (Mgal/d) | 0.04381 | cubic meter per second (m3/s) | |||
| million gallons per day per square | 1,461 | cubic meter per day per square | |||
| mile [(Mgal/d)/mi2] | kilometer [(m3/d)/km2] | ||||
| million gallons per year (Mgal/yr) | 15.99 | cubic meters per second (m3/s) | |||
| billion gallons per year (Bgal/yr) | 15,990 | cubic meters per second (m3/s) | |||
| Hydraulic conductivity | |||||
| foot per day (ft/d) | 0.3048 | meter per day (m/d) | |||
| Hydraulic gradient | |||||
| foot per mile (ft/mi) | 0.1894 | meter per kilometer (m/km) | |||
| Specific capacity | |||||
| gallon per minute per foot | 0.207 | liter per second per meter [(L/s)/m] | |||
| [(gal/min)/ft] | |||||
| Transmissivity * | |||||
| foot squared per day (ft2/d) | 0.0929 | meter squared per day (m2/d) | |||
| Density | |||||
| pound per cubic foot (lb/ft3) | 0.01602 | gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) | |||
| pound per cubic foot (lb/ft3) | 16.02 | kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3) | |||
| Mass | |||||
| ounce, avoirdupois (oz) | 28.35 | gram | |||
| pound, avoirdupois (lb) | 0.4536 | kilogram (kg) | |||
| ton, short (2,000 lb) | 0.9072 | megagram (Mg) | |||
| ton, long (2,240 lb) | 1.016 | megagram (Mg) | |||
| ton per year (ton/yr) | 0.9072 | metric ton per year (ton/yr) | |||
| Pressure | |||||
| atmosphere, standard (atm) | 101.3 | kilopascal (kPa) | |||
| bar | 100 | kilopascal (kPa) | |||
| pound per square inch (lb/in2) | 6.895 | kilopascal (kPa) | |||
| Application or removal rate | |||||
| inch per acre (in/acre) | 5.682 | centimeter per hectare (cm/ha) | |||
| inch per acre per week | 5.682 | centimeter per hectare per week | |||
| [(in/acre)/week] | [(cm/ha)/week] | ||||
| pounds per acre (lb/acre) | 1.121 | kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) | |||
| pounds per acre per day | 0.1121 | grams per square meter per day | |||
| [(lb/acre)/d] | [(g/m2)/d] | ||||
| pounds per acre per year | 1.121 | kilogram per hectare per year | |||
| [(lb/acre)/yr] | [(kg/ha)/yr] | ||||
| Temperature |
| Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows: |
| °F=(1.8×°C)+32 |
| Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows: |
| °C=(°F-32)/1.8 |
| Abbreviations |
| microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 25 °C): measurement of specific conductance |
| milligrams (1 x 10-3 grams) per liter (mg/L) or parts per million (ppm): measurement of concentrations of chemical constituents and sediments in water |
| micrograms (1 x 10-6 grams) per liter (μg/L) or parts per billion (ppb): measurement of concentrations of chemical constituents in water |
| nanogram (1 x 10-9 grams) per liter (ng/L) or parts per trillion (ppt): measurement of concentrations of chemical constituents in water |
| picograms (1 x 10-12 grams) per liter (pg/L) or parts per quadrillion (ppq): measurement of concentrations of chemical constituents in water |
| micrograms per square meter (μg/m2): measurement of concentrations of chemical constituents in water |
| colonies per 100 milliliters (col/100 mL) same as colony forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100 mL): measurement of the concentration of bacteria in water. |
| colonies per gram (col/g): measurement of the concentration of bacteria in sediment. |
| micrometers (μm), 1,000 micrometers equal a millimeter (mm): measurement of mesh size of sampling devices |
| millivolts (mv) |
| moles per liter (mol/L) |
| square liters per square mole per atmosphere per second (L2/(mol2 x atm x s) |
| Per mil: A unit expressing the ratio of stable isotope abundance of an element in a sample to those of a standard material. Per mil units are equivalent to parts per thousand. |
| <, less than |
| >, greater than |
| nephelometric turbidity units (NTU): measurement of turbidity |
| pH a measurement of the relative acidity or alkalinity of water |
| Datum |
| National Geodectic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29): a vertical coordinate |
| National Geodectic Vertical Datum of 1988 (NGVD 88): a vertical coordinate |
| North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27): a horizontal coordinate |
| North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83): a horizontal coordinate |
| North American Datum of 1988 (NAD 88): a horizontal coordinate |
| *Transmissivity: The standard unit for transmissivity is cubic foot per day per square foot times foot of aquifer thickness [(ft3/d)/ft2]ft. |
U.S. Department of the Interior |
U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://pa.water.usgs.gov/conversions.html
Page Contact Information: Pennsylvania WSC Webmaster
Page Last Modified: Friday, 27-Jul-2007 13:31:43 EDT
